1. GUIDELINES
ON MATTER OF THE SAFETY IN THE BUILDING FIELD
1.1
Introduction
1.2 Law and tehnical rules
1.3 The Directive 92/57/CEE
related to the minimum safety and health regulations to be carried
out in
temporarily and
movable yards
1.4 Outlines to the responsibilities
of the involved subjects: costumer, safety coordinators,and
contractor
1.5 The safety planning and the safety and
coordination plan
1.6 The file
1.7 The coordination of the safety in the
works execution phase
1.1 Introduction
The matter of safety in working places is an argument
of great topical interest also at international level and is
object of national and european rules, about which international
conventions have been arranged and several issues made. The
problems involved have not yet found long term solutions in
our Country in spite of all.
Above all safety in the building field it seems so
far to be still inedequate, even if during the last ten years,
both at national and european level, the legislator has issued
a high number of legislative instruments.
In Italy, the building field, together with the agricultural
one, counts the sad record of death accidents, reaching an average
of 4 accidents a day.
The problems and the lacks of relevant elements on
health and safety, mainly correlated to the planning and the
management phases of safety in the building field, personally
checked by the authors as people engaged for years both in the
research, the formation and the professional experience, can
be summarized as follows:
·
Lack of safety education consolidated at
every level.
In the majority of cases,
people involved (costumers, designers, companies) during the
whole project span, from planning to construction, management
and maintenance, underestimate and/or do not consider that the
safety must be one of the project inputs.
Today, ten years after
the issue of the Directive 92/57/CEE, concerning the minimal
safety rules to be carried out in temporarily and movable yards,
something is slowly changing, even if slackened by bureaucratic
and procedural obstacles.
·
Purely formal fulfilment of the Law rules,
without promoting substantial changes in the way of working. This concept mainly applies to the issuing
of safety plans, either by the safety coordinators in the planning
phase or by the companies, which are due to issue the safety
operative plans according with the rules of L.D. 528/99.
In pratice the safety
and coordination plans, which must go together with the project,
are a simple collection of standard legislative and operative
rules. They are borrowed from the sectorial literature and do
not take in consideration the actual problems of the yard relevant
to the project choices.
·
To consider the safety as an additional
charge that does not justify the investment in terms of human
and economic resources.
This matter applies both to commitments and to companies.
To establish acceptable
safety levels during the works execution phase means the use
of human resources (safety coordinator and possible assistants,
safety responsibles of the involved companies during the works,
workers trainers, etc) that must assure a constant presence
in the yard. Moreover the scheduling of the works must consider
the safety aspects, avoiding the occurring of dangerous situations
caused by possible superimposition of space and/or time of single
works.
1.2 Law and
tehnical rules
At present, in Italy the reference
regulations for planning, management and costs of the securety
in yards are the following:
·
Law 11.02.1994,
n. 109 Law concerning public works.
·
L.D. 19.9.1994
n. 626 Requirements conformity 83/391/CEE, 89/654/CEE, 89/655/CEE,
89/656/CEE, 90/269/CEE, 90/270/CEE, 90/394/CEE e 90/679/CEE
concerning the surety and workers health improvement in the
working places.
·
L.D. 17.3.95 n.
157 Requirements conformity 92/50/CEE for public tender of service.
·
L.D. 14.8.96 n.
494 Requirements of conformity 92/57/CEE relevant the minimum
safety and health rules to be carried out in temporarily and
movable yards.
In addition to the community and national legislative
corpus there are the so-called technical
regulations, i.e. guide lines, operative instructions, good
technology rules, drawn up, among the other international bodies,
by the international body of standardization (ISO) and translated
in single countries by national bodies. In Italy this activity
is carried out by UNI, national body of technology regulations.
Among the national technical regulations are mentioned
the UNI EN ISO, series 9000, referring to "Quality management
systems" and the UNI EN ISO series 14000 referring to "Environmental
management systems"
As far as the security management
is concerned in the international range, most of all in Anglo-Saxon
culture countries, there are specifical technical rules.
For example:
·
English rules OHSAS
(Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series) series 18000,
·
Australian rules
series AS/NZS 4804:1997 OHSMS (Occupational Health and Safety
Management System) "General guidelines on principles, systems
ad supporting techniques” and AS/NZS 4801:2000 OHSMS (Occupational
health and Safety Management System); "Specification with
guidance for use".
In addition to the above list, it is worthwhile underlining
some procedural problems because the provisions included in
the rules created, during the years of their application, some
problems and confusion to the involved subjects.
First the “Yard Directive”, which
will be deeply illustrated in the following paragraph, faces
the safety topic in yards in a concrete way without distinguishing
between public and private works, as the Italian legislator
made in the Decree 494/96 unfortunately.
Moreover such a Decree which, in
its first edition, provided the issue of two or more safety
plans by the coordinator, led to mix up the security planning
conception with the securety plan drafting conception.
The practice is to elaborate standard documents usually
absolutely not adhering to the plan and therefore substantially
inadequate as we mentioned in the introduction of this work.
On the contrary the “Directive” prescribed the issue
of only one safety plan related to the project to be carried
out.
Also with reference to the management of the security
coordination during the execution, the experience shows that
the safety Coordinator during the works execution, is not considered
as a man whose duty is mainly to prevent dangers. He is considered
the appointed person to note the reality in the yard, by pointing
out the anomalies, instead of carrying out an active coordination
work among all the involved subjects, taking preventive measures
in the yard.
On the contrary, the “Directive”, from the preambles,
establishes that security in yards must be pursued and safeguarded
both operating in advance, and therefore during the study and
layout of a project, and in the execution phase, by granting
a precise activities coordination of the people working in the
yard.
This part of the work, related to the guide lines
of safety in the building field, is divided in different paragraphs
facing the above mentioned themes. Specific indications are
given and procedures proposed to face the theme of safety in
the yards, in order to spread the safety culture by means of
aimed actions such as:
·
to clarify the
duties and the responsibilities of the involved subjects precisely,
·
to promote, as
much as possible, the drafting of qualitative safety plans,
that is in agreement with the project and with a clear and punctual
content,
·
to have elaborated
propaedeutical documents for the execution of the coordination
activities of safety (i.e. the coordinator work plan).
1.3
The Directive 92/57/CEE related to the minimum safety and health
regulations to be carried out in temporarily and movable yards.
The directive summarizes in its notes the reasons
that caused its issue; but the carrying out decree did not incorporated
them, unfortunately omitting a very useful part
for the understanding of the aims of the planning and coordination
activities of safety.
The most significant preambles are:
·
to consider that the temporary and movable
yards are an activity sector that exposes workers to particularly
high risks;
·
to consider that not suitable architectural
and/or organizational choices or a inadeguate plan of the works
at the project time affected more than the half of the work
accidents in the yards of the Community;
·
to consider that, while carrying out a
work, a lack in the coordination particularly caused by the
simultaneous or subsequent presence of different companies in
the same temporarily or movable yard can cause a high number
of work accidents;
·
to consider that it is necessary a strengthening
of the coordination among the various operators both from the
planning of the project and at the moment of the work execution.
The fulfilment of the duties concerning to costumer,
the contractor and the coordinators for the safety in the planning
and execution phase of the works specified in the provision
and in the execution decree, implies the necessity to lay out
an effective system of management of the different activities.
A great emphasis is given to the coordination of the
people involved during the planning phase and to the companies
working in the yard. A good management capacity allows a real
coordination aimed to the reaching of high performances for
the safety of all the involved people.
In practice, particularly in case of works of small
amounts, the management activity seems to be short or almost
completely absent, by restricting the security coordination
to the purely formal fulfilment of the law: appointment of persons
and issue of the provided documentation, among which the safety
and coordination plan.
This way of operating, so spread in the building field,
is caused both by the lack of a safety culture, as pointed out
in the paragraph 1.1, and to the trend to underestimate the
effectiveness of the instruments offered by committing the whole
problem to the capacity of acting.
The methodology of the forming-informing of the involved
subjects in a specific planning and productive process, proposed
by the so-called mother Decree (89/386)
that gives the general planning and management concepts
for the safety to be applied to every productive sector and
recalled both by the L.D. 626/94 and by 494/96 and following
modifications, constitutes one of the foundation point for the
birth of the safety culture.
1.4
Outlines to the responsibilities of the involved subjects: costumer,
safety coordinators, and contractor
The main news introduced by the L.D. 494/96 refer
to the transfer from the contractor to the costumer of the responsibility
of the safety planning issue and their preparation in the work
plan phase and anyhow before of the tender request.
The planning phase is defined by the decree as a critical
one because such activity assumes that the architectonic and/or
organizational choices are defined and the temporary scheduling
relevant to those choices arranged.
To have made not suitable choices and/or to have a
short planning means a dangerous situation for the executive
phase. As a proof of the correlation cause-effect between planning
and accidents, the decree specifies that lacks and planning
mistakes in the planning and coordination determined more than
one half of accidents on the work in the yards of the Community.
a) The custumer
Art. 3 of L.D. 494/96 and following modifications
refers to the costumer or works responsible duties, particularly
specifying that:
·
in the planning phase of the work ( the costumer
or the works responsible) ...follows the general concepts and
steps for the protection relevant to art. 3 of L.D. 636/94.....
The costumer or the works responsible foresees the term of such
works or work phases in the plan.
·
during the planning phase, the costumer
or the works responsible, considers the documents relevant to
art. 4, subparagraph 11, letters a) and b) (The documents are
the safety and coordination plans and the pamphlet).
·
in case the presence of more companies is expected,
even if not simultaneously, the costumer or the works responsible
at the same time of entrusting with the planning assignment,
appoints the planning coordinator.........
The recent L.D. 528/99 introduced a very important
modification: it deals with planning and no more with executive
planning in fact.
Therefore, even in case of contract-competition, i.e.
bidding based on a final project, the custumer can appoint the
planning coordinator.
As alternative the custumer could appoint the contractor
as works responsible delegating to him the duties provided for
by article 3. However
recent amendments introduced a further bond: in fact it is specified
that in case of public works the works responsible, if appointed,
must be the same person who takes care of the execution. Therefore
the appointment of the contractor as works responsible does
not seem correct any more.
The problem seems very complicated and the reader
is asked to refer to juridical tests in order to understand
correctly this further provision.
b) The planning coordinator
The planning coordinator must issue or have somebody
issued the safety and coordination plan and he must arrange
the pamphlet.
The requirements for this professional figure are
specified in art. 10 of L.D.
494/9. Already several times and under different circumstances
it has been underlined that the necessary experiences for the
execution of the safety planning activity, not converted in
a simply drafting of a standard document of risks analysis and
estimation, cannot be restricted to the requirements requested
by law. In fact such
planning activity must be started and developed with the help
of all the experts who are involved in the process and together
with the coordinator.
Therefore it will be desirable that the custumer,
if a public one in the tender documents, if a private one in
the disciplinary appointment drafts, determines the further
requirements for the coordinator that must originate from the
specific project characteristics and considers the professional
people upon the further qualifications.
The law does not forbid to the same planner, provided
that he is qualified under art. 10, to be also appointed as
coordinator.
However it is deemed useful to keep the two professional
figures divided because an independent coordinator can practice
either a propositive duty and a checking and inspective action
on the project contents relevant to the safety (equipment choice,
building techniques, activities planning, etc.).
c) The contractor
Before the validity of the L.D. 494/96, the duty of
the safety plan drafting, relevant to the public tenders, belonged
to the contractor according to what prescribed in the law n.
55/90, art. 18, subparagraph 8.
With the decree of execution of the provision 92/57/CEE
the responsibility is given to the custumer and the safety plan
must be issued also for private works.
The L.D. 528/99 introduces a further plan, already
foreseen by law 109/94: the operative safety plan, so determined
in letter f-ter, art. 2 subparagraph. 1: “operative
safety plan”: the document that the costumer of the contractor
company issues, relevant to the involved yard, according
to art. 4 of the provision 19/9/94 n. 626 and following modifications.
1.5 The safety
planning and the safety and coordination plan
At first the risks involved in the
works phases relevant to the execution of a work must be underlined
and faced in the planning phase, by possibly eliminating them
at their beginning, as on the other part prescribed by provision
57/92/CEE that at art. 4 states: "Works planning, general
principles":
In the planning, study and elaboration
phases of work plan, the general principles for the prevention
relevant to the safety and health foreseen in the provision
89/391/CEE are taken in consideration by the works manager and,
in case, by the custumer, in particular: (i) at the moment of
the architectural, technical and/ organizational choices in
order to plan the various works or work phases that will be
carried out simultaneously of subsequently; (ii) at the moment
of the forecast of the execution time of these works or work
phases.
From the cooperation between the planner and the coordinator
in the planning phase a project must start and it must be a
safe one under the terms of:
·
location and organization
of the yard,
·
use of equipment
and choice of building techniques and form,
·
safety equipment
of the works to be used during the maintenance phase
The criteria that will be used by the planner in the
planning phase to select the architectural choices, with respect
to the safeguard of the workers safety in the yards and those
to mitigate the risks arising from the working activities, must
be detailed in a special file that will be part of the project
general report.
The risks that it has not been possible to eliminate
at the planning phase must be analyzed and underlined in the
safety and coordination plan drawn by the plan coordinator.
Herebelow some preliminary indications to be used
for the safety and coordination plan drafting in order to underline
how such a document requires specific competence and knowledge
to be drawn up.
The safety and coordination plan
The safety and coordination plan
must contain a general section in which it shall be mentioned:
·
the name of the
costumer and of the Execution Responsible, with the relevant
addresses, phone and fax numbers in order to have an easy contact;
·
the name of the
Planner/s, with the relevant address (including the e-mail one,
if available) and the phone and fax numbers;
·
the location of
the specific areas object of works, with particular attention
to the approaching ways from the main traffic routes close-by;
·
the references
to all the preliminary documents for the execution eventually
drawn by the Administration and relevant to the safety aims.
The safety plan will include the analysis of the contest
in which are inserted the works (meant either as properly called
yard areas or as outside environment), with reference to:
·
types of the activitie
that are carried out on the matter,
·
existing road and
pedestrian ways,
·
accessibility to
the yard area,
·
definition of particular,
provisional and protective works that the planner will deem necessary for the protection of people and vehicles not relevant to the yard,
·
obligations (temporal,
logistic, etc) to be considered, both in the yard organization
and in the carrying out of the building activities.
The safety plan must include a scheme of details relevant
to the specific items to be considered, with reference to the
inside and outside environment of the yard, according to the
following indications:
a) Peculiar bonds and risks of the
inside environment of the yard:
·
localization of
the infrastructure and of the probable aerial electric lines
(refers also to the thematic documents, relevant to the areas
object of the works);
·
possible presence
of war residuates;
·
reference to the
documents stating the researches made on the grounds;
·
possible bonds
to be considered in the definition of the roads, either suitable
for vehicles and pedestrians;
·
possible bonds
relevant to the spaces and times for the supply of equipment
and goods.
b) Peculiar bonds and risks of the
outside environment of the yard:
·
determination of
the risks to which the yard could expose the surrounding environment
particularly relevant to the possible presence of buildings
with structural problems, productive and commercial activities,
public buildings.
·
determination of
the risks caused by: excavations and hearth moving, soil and water contamination, dust emission,
smokes, noises;
·
definition of traffic,
vehicles and pedestrian road conditions, prohibited area to
heavy vehicles, areas to be possibly assigned to the yard vehicle
parking and/or loading, unloading area, provisional store for
yard equipment (if necessary).
For the work activity or phase that according to the
planner involves risks that it has not been possible to eliminate
during the planning phase, as alternative solutions have not
been found that are workable and /or satisfying, the safety
plan must specify:
·
way of safe execution
of particular work phase deduced from the project;
·
definition of the
prevention and protection measures to be adopted to the common
ones;
·
determination,
if possible, of particular planning solutions to be considered
by the costumer. As a simple explanation some solutions could
be: setting up of operative proceedings for high risk works;
planning of “ad hoc” common protections; necessity to train
people to the execution of such activities with the help of
experts.
The requirements for the works coordination for the
safety must be set up since the safety plan drafting and in
a special section all the duties of the costumer must be specified:
·
a document relevant
to the management by the costumer of the companies and/or the
independent workers that entered the yard. Among the others,
the following matters must be deal:
-
safety measures
to be adopted to avoid the entrance in the yard of non- authorized
people;
-
emergency measures
to be adopted in case of danger and people to be contacted;
-
possible specific
orders that the costumer must issue for the staff management;
·
typology of documents
that the costume will give to the Coordinator for the execution
(scheme for the approval of operative safety plans of the subcontractors;
registers for the filing of the data relevant to the safety
with kind and number of accidents, recording of the anomalies
and possible infringements found in the vigilance body, etc.)
·
a list of the activities
and documents that the Coordinator for the execution will have
respectively to develop and produce.
1.6 The file
The file is the document that contains the useful
information to prevent and protect from the risks which they
are exposed, the workers during the carrying out of the working
activities following to the execution of the works.
The file does not consider the ordinary maintenance
interventions, for which, according to the safety, the disposition
contained in the relevant provisions, at present in force, applies
(particularly in L.D. 626/94 and following modifications.
The content of the file must reflect, not only the
minimum requisites requested by L.D. 494/96 (Art.4, subparagraph
b) and enclosure II to the document UE 260/5/93).
In case of complicated works and with reference to
the necessity to find all the technical documentation (graphic
elaborates, technical specification of equipment, maintenance
manuals, etc.) that will be available during the works, it would
be proper that the safety coordinator, during the planning phase,
prepares a document that consider the file formulation and its
maintenance as far as the procedure of collecting information.
The additional information consists in:
·
references that
allow to find in univocal way all the available drawings "as
built" and "as installed", their natural position
included;
·
references that
allow to find in univocal way the building proceeding and the
specifications of the used equipment. For these, the record
office of the technical and safety cards must be indicated.
·
references that
allow to find in univocal way the list and the physical location
of the maintenance manuals and of all the data of the foreseen
manuals;
·
detailed list of
the location and accessibility of every manufactured articles
subject to possible maintenance interventions;
·
operative proceedings
of the maintenance intervention with the analysis and the evaluation
of the risks;
·
proceedings for
the periodic file updating;
·
proceedings for
the graphic elaborates updating (drawings "as built"),
in case of modifications made during the maintenance period;
·
list of the common
and personal protection devices to be used during the maintenance
works, mentioning which they
are already equipped with
and which have to be supplied by the costumer.
From this point of view it could be right that a "Summarizing
document", precedes the file. It must contain the relevant
reading keys, in order to allow to every operator and not only
to the safety coordinator who drawn it up, to reach, according
to the necessity, the necessary information and documents.
1.7 The coordination
of the safety in the works execution phase
The activity of the safety coordinator during the
works execution phase is aimed to carry out the work safely.
To assure such a result, the coordinator should carry out, in
addition to what foreseen in art. 5 of L.D. 494/96, the following
activities:
a)
to arrange periodical meetings (in case
already reported in the safety and coordination plan) with the
presence of: costumer, works director, if necessary RLS- safety
representative of the workers-, aimed to the examination of
the production planning and to the determination of the operative
procedures to be applied.
b)
to update the safety and coordination plan
according the possible delays of the operative program and/or
of the necessary modification to be made for the workers protection
and health;
c)
to examine all the documentation relevant
to the safety (safety operative plans, certifications, and documents
relevant to subordinate workers) referred to every subcontractor
or independent worker. In case this documentation does not result
complete, to ask its completion before of their entrance in
the yard;
d)
to urge the responsible (costumer and/or
contractor/s) to submit the requests for possible modifications
to the competent bodies (Asl, Distributor bodies, VV.F, etc.)
for permissions or authorizations necessary to carry out the
works;
e)
to verify that it has been arranged the
proceedings for the filing and finding of all the necessary
documentation for completing the file (for example "equipment
of the works"). In case there are modification of the project,
the file must include all the documenting information (drawings,
technical reports, etc.).
f)
to verify that all the drawings "as
built" are filed. These drawings contain all the possible
modification made during the execution.
The documents and the information of the above point
e) and f) will be used by the coordinator during the planning
phase, to whom belongs the responsibility of the file, for the
completion of such document.
The typology of the activities and the presence on
the yard of the coordinator for the execution, directly depend
on the complexity and the consistency of the works and on the
contemporary or subsequent presence of more subcontractors and
on the works program.
Moreover it is advisable to underline that it belongs
to the coordinator for the execution to take care of the unavoidable
stopping of the activities that could happen in the yard life,
either during the day or for definite periods (calendar and
contractual holidays, impossibility to work because of bad weather
conditions, etc.).
It is suggested to define since the safety-planning
phase, and therefore to mention it in the plan, what will be
the actions to be adopted in the yard to prevent the risks arising
from the works stopping...
The yard is a place that must be constantly watched
and defined with reference to the surrounding environment either
if it is an existing building or a free space. The safety measures
of the yard require:
·
to always and anyway
forbid the access to unauthorized personnel during the works
execution or during the work stops;
·
the presence of
a yard fencing, of signals
placed near the accesses and, where necessary, of personnel
appointed for the safety;
·
the isolation of
equipment and machinery inside of the stores or in suitably
defined areas for their shelter;
·
to arrange provisional
temporarily works to be used only during the activity stops
(refilling of the excavation areas,
prohibition of access to scaffoldings, definition and
protection of particularly risky areas)
Coordinator work plan for the work execution
Among the duties of the works execution coordinator
there is the one of verifying the necessary coordination and
checking actions, the application by the working companies and
of the independent workers of the relevant provisions included
in the safety and coordination plan and the right application
of the relevant work procedures.
In order to perform such activities in an effective
and efficient way it is necessary, before the start of the works,
to define in a specific document the work plan, herebelow mentioned
as wp, the methodology to be applied for the performance of
the assignment.
The wp is a document that defines:
·
"what"
must be done, with which bonds (applicable provisions),
·
"who makes
what" (responsibility) and with which resources, in which
times,
·
"how"
it must be made (work methods, documentation),
·
in which way "it
is secured" that the planned work has been correctly performed
(verifications).
The wp must be considered as a dynamic document, to
be periodically updated with reference to the progress of the
situations so that it will be constantly valid.
Herebelow we show a draft of the contents of a typical
work plan. For works of small entitiy the wp could be simplified,
but it is advisable that it is always issued for the peace of
the coordinator himself as it constitutes the proof of the real
execution of the coordination activities.
The work plan contents (wp)
Aim and application field of the wp
The present document means the wp relevant to the
carrying out of the coordinator assignment for the works execution
of ..... The wp grants the correct statement of the assignment
and represent the operative instrument for the activity management
with reference to the contractual provisions.
The assignment which the present wp refers to is relevant
to the contract entered to ..... on....
The involved parties
To list all the involved subjects in the work execution,
with which the coordinator must keep the relationships.
In particular the following names will be listed:
·
customer
·
works responsible
·
project coordinator
·
work director
·
contractor
·
safety engineer
appointed by the costumer/s
For every person it will be mentioned the address,
phone numbers, fax, e-mail, names and addresses of possible
deputies.
The reference documents
The following documents, completed with the identification
code, revision number and/or issuing time, must be listed:
·
contract/order
entered to the customer or responsible
·
safety and coordination
plan/s
·
file(s)
·
operative safety
plans
·
planning papers,
·
other documents
supplied by the costumer
·
tender contract/s
of the works with all its enclosures
·
laws and provisions
relevant to the safety
·
other
The list must be constantly kept updated and increased
with possible new documents.
The sections 1, 2 and 3 of wp define in a clear way
the contest within which the coordinator will operate. Section 2 finds the involved parties so allowing
to indicate "who"
makes what, giving everyone his specific responsibilities, so
avoiding ambiguous situations.
Section 3, relevant to the reference documents, takes
a fundamental importance since, only by means of these documents
and after their careful and accurate examination, the coordinator
can effectively prepare and execute the pertinent activities.
The work
To report a short description of the work with particular
attention to:
·
yard site and its
interference with the surrounding environment,
·
indications of
the main characteristics of the project,
·
splitting of the
work,
·
schedule of milestones.
The assignment
a) Foreseen performances
To list in details all the performances, duties and
responsibilities that are foreseen in the contract (in case
by enclosing copy of the relevant contractual provisions).
b) Main problems
To list the main problems of technical, contractual,
logistic, environmental and administrative kind, taken from
the analysis of the safety and coordination plan, of the project
and of the tender contract, that the coordinator of the execution
works thinks to face during the performance of his assignment
and to supply with the preliminary indications about the ways
that he deem to adopt to face and solve the found problems.
The organization
It is given information relevant to:
a)
institutional chart
To enclose a chart that
clarify the connection among the involved people during the
works performance phase, mentioned in the second section of
wp.
b)
the coordinator organization in the works
execution phase.
With reference to the
works dimensions, the coordinator will develop his activity
alone or together with a working group. In this case the components
for the group will be listed and their duties and responsibilities
mentioned.
c)
foreseen specialistic software
It is detailed the software
resources that possibly will be necessary and that will be utilized
during the execution of the coordination activities.
Coordination during the works executions
(a)
Methods and procedures
To describe, also on the
basis of the offer, the methods and the procedures that will
be used to secure the coordination for the safety during the
works executions phase. According to what mentioned in the previous
section 6, it will be defined who must work, coordinate, check,
approve, etc. so stating the exact responsibilities at every
level; when it must be made, according to what provisions and
procedures; what documentation must be submitted. It must also
be listed the procedures to assure that all what mentioned has
really been made and to certify the definite realization.
(b)
Papers and reports
It must be listed the reports and possible papers
to be prepared by the coordinator, by determining the time of
their issuing (when applicable).
Information distribution
To determine the procedures for the distribution of
the information from and to the outside, by specifying for every
kind of document the main consignee, the acknowledgement copies,
the number of copies and their characteristics
(paper, magnetic support).
Performance of the coordinator activity for the execution
The elaboration of a wp assumes competence and knowledge
of the problems relevant to the management of the building process
by the person who prepares it (not necessarily the coordinator).
In the majority of
cases the coordinator for the works execution will operate
in small dimension yards, without a permanent managerial staff with which to discuss. In these situations the work of the coordinator
can be particularly difficult and, as he can not directly intervene
on the works (except for cases of absolute gravity), his activity
may be only limited the issuing of letters to the customer and/or
works supervisior, in which the real situation of the yard is
reported.
Trying to obviate to this situation, herebelow the
operative indications relevant to the coordination activity
for the safety during the execution of the works are listed.
For small yards, where works that does not foresee
particular risks and that are considered as "consolidated"
are carried out, it will be enough that the coordinator prepares
some "checking lists" to be used during the yards
inspections. Such documents, because of their schemes, lead
the person during the inspection, by helping him not to forget
anything. At the end of the inspection, the coordinator will
be able to write the report that will be distributed to all
the involved people.
The checking list, to be made according to the rules
listed in the referred provision, will be divided in sections
according to the dealt matters and, for example, can have the
following content:
·
site preparation
·
documentation
·
health and safety
of the workers
·
plants (electric
one, of ground, of atmospherical discharge protection, etc.)
·
working near to
the aerial electric lines,
·
lifting plants
and equipment
·
general protection
of the machinery
·
provisional works
·
IPD (individual
protection devices)
·
other
Other activities required by the coordinator for the
work execution and for which it is necessary to define an operative
procedure, can be:
·
examination and
approval of the variation proposals of the safety and coordination
plan submitted by the costumer;
·
completion of the
safety and coordination plan with reference to the occurred
modifications;
·
checking and approval
of the safety operative plans of single subcontractors and their
integration with the safety and coordination plan.
The coordination activity for the works execution
is, as it can be found from this paper, very complex and requires
a deep knowledge of the yard by the appointed person, together
with a great confidence with the managerial techniques of the
whole building process in order to be able to correctly discuss
with all the involved people. In any case communication and
summary capacities must not be missing.